Reference List

These are the sources for the information found in the Question and Answer section. By exploring these sources, you can find the scientific studies and articles that further explain the information and services we provide.

1. Grossman,|Daniel, Charlotte Ellertson, David A. Grimes and Dilys Walker. (2004) Routine Follow-up Visits After First-Trimester Induced Abortion. .Obstetrics and Gynecology (103)4:738-745

2. Ellertson, Charlotte, Batya Elul, Shuha Ambardekar, Lindy Wood, Julie Carroll and Kurus Coyaji. (2000) Accuracy of assessment of pregnancy duration by women seeking early abortions. Lancet 355: 877-881.

3. Taylor, Diana, Ann C. Hwang and Felicia H. Stewart. (2004) Care for Women Choosing Medication Abortion. The Nurse Practitioner 29(10):65-70.

4. International Consortium for Medical Abortion. (2004) Medical Abortion: Expanding Access to Safe Abortion and Saving Women's Lives. Statement from: Medical Abortion: An International Forum on Policies, Programmes and Services, 17-20 October 2004, Johannesburg, South Africa. Medical Abortion Consortium (Retrieved July 26, 2005)

5. Elul, Batya, Selma Hajri, Nguyen thi Nhu Ngoc, Charlotte Ellertson, Claude Ben Slama, Elizabeth Pearlman and Beverly Winikoff. (2001) Can women in less-developed countries use a simplified medical abortion regimen? Lancet 357:1402-05.

6. The Population Council. (1998) Medical Methods of Early Abortion in Developing Countries: Consensus Statement. Contraception 58:257-59.

7. Harper, Cynthia, Charlotte Ellertson and Beverly Winikoff. (2002) Could American women use mifepristone-misoprostol pills safely with less medical supervision? Contraception 65:133-142.

8. Ashok, P.W., A. Templeton, P.T. Wagaarachchi and G.M.M. Flett. (2004) Midtrimester medical termination of pregnancy: a review of 1002 consecutive cases. Contraception 69:51-8.

9. Grimes, David A. (2005) Risks of Mifepristone Abortion in Context. Contraception 71.

10. E.C.H. Sorensen et al. (2005) Failed Medical Termination of Twin Pregnancy with Mifepristone: A Case Report. Contraception 71:231-233.

11. Wiebe, Ellen, Edith Guilbert, Francis Jacot, Caitlin Shannon and Beverly Winikoff. (2004) A Fatal Case of Clostridium sordellii Septic Shock Syndrome Associated With Medical Abortion. Obstetrics and Gynecology 104(5):1142-44.

12. Monday, July 18, 2005 7:38:39 PM ET, Abortion pill maker alerts doctors to five deaths. Reuters, Washington. Retrieved July 19, 2005.

13. Basu, Ranjan, Tina Gundlach, and Margaret Tasker. (2003) Mifepristone and misoprostol for medical termination of pregnancy: the effectiveness of a flexible regimen. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 29(3):139-41.

14. Stubblefield, Phillip G., Sacheen Carr-Ellis, and Lynn Borgatta. (2004) Methods for Induced Abortion. Obstetrics and Gynecology 104(1): 174-185.

15. Hausknecht, R. (2003) Mifepristone and misoprostol for early medical abortion: 18 months experience in the United States. Contraception 61:463-65.

16. Allen, Rebecca H., Carolyn Westhoff, Lara De Nonno, Stephen L. Fielding, and Eric A. Schaff. (2001) Curettage After Mifepristone-Induced Abortion: Frequency, Timing, and Indications. Obstetrics and Gynecology 98(1): 101-6.

17. Hamoda, Haitham, Premila W. Ashok, Gillian M. M. Flett and Allan Templeton. (2003) Medical abortion at 64 to 91 days of gestation: A review of 483 consecutive cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 188(5): 1315-19.

18. Mitka, Mike. (2000) Some Men Who Take Viagra Die ? Why? Journal of the American Medical Association (283)5: 590-593.

19. Monday, July 19, 2005, 2 More Women Die After Abortion Pills, Gardiner Harris. New York Times Retrieved July 20, 2005.

20. Hamoda, Haitham, Premila W. Ashok, Gillian M.M. Flett, and Allan Templeton. (2005) Medical abortion at 9-13 weeks gestation: a review of 1076 consecutive cases. Contraception 71: 327-332.

21. Ashok, Premila W., Avril Kidd, Gillian M.M. Flett, Ann Fitzmaurice, Wendy Graham and Allan Templeton. (2002) A randomized comparison of medical abortion and surgical vacuum aspiration at 10-13 weeks gestation. Human Reproduction (17)1: 92-98.

22. Ashok, Premila W., Allan Templeton, Prabhath T. Wagaarachchi, and Gillian M.M. Flett. (2002) Factors affecting the outcome of early medical abortion: a review of 4132 consecutive cases. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 109: 1281-1289.

23. Chen, Aimin, Wei Yuan, Olav Meirik, Xianmi Wang, Shi-Zong Wu, Lifeng Zhou, Lin Lou, Ersheng Gao and Yimin Cheng. (2004) Mifepristone-induced Early Abortion and Outcome of Subsequent Wanted Pregnancy. American Journal of Epidemiology (160)2: 110-117.

24. Coyaji, Kurus, Batya Elul, Usha Krishna, Suhas Otiv, Shubha Ambardekar, Arti Bopardikar, Veena Raote, Charlotte Ellertson and Beverly Winikoff. (2001) Mifepristone abortion outside the urban research hospital setting in India. Lancet 357: 120-21.

25. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, Ectopic pregnancy

26. Kruse, Beth, Suzanne Poppema, Mitchell D. Creinin and Maureen Paul. (2000) Management of side effects and complications in medical abortion. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 183(2):S65-S75.

27. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (1999) The Rh Factor: How It Can Affect Your Pregnancy. Medem Network: Medical Library.

28. Schaff, E.A., S.L. Fielding, S.H. Eisinger et al. (2
000) Low-dose mifepristone followed by vaginal misoprostol at 48 hours for abortion up to 63 days. Contraception 61:41-46.

29. Rossi, Brooke, Mitchell D. Creinin and Leslie A. Meyn. (2004) Ability of the clinician and patient to predict the outcome of mifepristone and misoprostol medical abortion. Contraception 70:313-17.

30. Grimes, David A. and Mitchell D. Creinin. (2004) Induced Abortion: An Overview for Internists. Annals of Internal Medicine 140(8):620-27.

31. Rayas, Luca, Diane Catotti and Ana Corts. (2004) Achieving ICPD commitments for abortion care in Latin America: The unfinished agenda. Ipas: Chapel Hill, NC.
IPAS

32. Allan Guttmacher Institute. (1999) Sharing Responsibility: Women, Society and Abortion Worldwide. Alllan Guttmacher Institute

33. Shannon, C., L. Perry Brothers, Neena M. Philip, and Beverly Winikoff. (2004) Infection after medical ab
ortion: a review of the literature. Contraception 70:183-190.

34. Shannon, C., L. P. Brothers, N. Philip and B. Winikoff. (2004) Ectopic Pregnancy and Medical Abortion. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 104(1):161-167.

35. Saraiya M, Green CA, Berg CJ, Hopkins FW, Koonin LM, Atrash HK. (1999) Spontaneous abortion-related deaths among women in the United States ? 1981-1991. Obstetrics and Gynecology 94(2):172-6.

36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005) Clostridium sordellii Toxic Shock Syndrome After Medical Abortion with Mifepristone and Intravaginal Misoprostol United States and Canada, 2001 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 54(29):724.

37. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2005) FDA Public Health Advisory: Sepsis and Medical Abortion. FDA Retrieved August 5, 2005.

38. Berg, Cynthia J., Jeani Chang, William M. Callaghan, and Sara J. Whitehead. (2003) Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the United States, 1991 1997. Obstetrics and Gynecology 101(2):289-296.

39. McGregor JA, Soper DE, Lovell G, Todd JK. (1989) Maternal deaths associated with Clostridium sordellii infection. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 161(4):987-95.

40. Creinin, Mitchel D, Eliane Shore, Shyamala Balasubramanian and Bryna Harwood. (2005) The true cost differential between mifepristone and misoprostol and misoprostol-alone regimens for medical abortion.
Contraception 71:26-30.

41. World Health Organization. WHO Mortality Database.

42. Creinin MD, Aubeny E. (1999) Medical Abortion in early pregnancy. In: A Clinician?s Guide to Medical and Surgical Abortion, Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA and Stubblefield PG, eds. Churchill Livingstone: New York.

43. World Health Organization. (2005) The World Health Report 2005 Make
Every Mother and Child Count. The World Health Organization: Geneva.
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44. Daulaire, Nils, Pat Leidl, Laurel Mackin, Colleen Murphy, and Laura Stark. (2002) Promises to Keep: The Toll of Unintended Pregnancies on Women?s Lives in the Developing World. Global Health Council: Washington, D.C. IPAS

45. Rozenberg P, Chevret S, Camus E, Tayrac R, Garbin O, Poncheville L, Coiffic J, Lucot JP, Le Gouell F, Tardif D, Allouche C, Fernandez H, and GROG. (2003) Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancies: a randomized clinical trial comparing methotrexate-mifepristone and methotreate-placebo. Human Reproduction 18(9):1802-08.

46. Gray, Richard. Doctors let 50 women abort babies at home. Scotland on Sunday. July 3, 2005:10

47. Gideon Koren, Lavinia Schuler. Taking drugs during pregnancy. How safe is unsafe?
Canadian Family Physician. Vol 47: Mai 2001

48. G Blanch, Squenbyh, ES Ballantyne, CM Gosden, JP Neilson, K Holland, Embryonic abnormalities at medical termination of pregnancy with Mifepristone and Misoprostol during first trimester. British Medical Journal Vol. 316, pp 1712-1713, 6 June 1998

49. A Pastuszak, L Schuler ea, Use of Misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius syndrome in infants. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 338, number 26 pp 1881-1885, June 25, 1998

50. L Schuler, A Pastuszak, M Teresa ea. Pregnancy Outcome after exposure to misoprostol in Brazil, a prospective controlled study. Reproductive Toxicology, Vol 13, No 2, pp 147-151, 1999

51. T da Silva Dal Pizzol, V Tierling, ea. Reproductive results associated with Misoprostol and other substances utilized for interruption of pregnancy. Eur.J Clin. Pharmacol (2005) 61: 71-72.

52. David S. Newberger, M.D. Down syndrome: Prenatal risk assessment and diagnosis. American Family Physician, Vol. 62/No. 4 (August 15, 2000)

53. Essential medicines, WHO Model list (revised March 2005), page 20. WHO

54. Hamoda, Ashok, Flett and Templeton. A randomized trial of mifepriston in combination with misoprostol administered sublingually or vaginally for medical abortion at 13-20 weeks of gestation.
Human Reproduction. Advance Access, May 5, 2005, pp 1-7.

55. Hedley, Ellertson, Trussell ed, Accounting for time: Insights from a life-table analysis of the efficacy of medical abortion. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gyneacology (2004) 191, pp 1928-33

56. Timothy Craig, Cathy Mende. Common allergic and allergic-like reactions to medications. Postgraduate Medicine, vol105/ no 3/ March 1999

57. Prof P Potter, Allergy society of South Africa Retrieved August 12, 2005

58. G William Palmer, Stephen Dreskin, Anaphylaxis. E-Medicine, October 2004. pp 3. Retrieved August 12, 2005

59. Hamoda, Ashok, Flett, Templeton, A randomized controlled trial of Mifepristone in combination with misoprostol administered sublingually or vaginally for medical abortion up to 13 weeks of gestation. BJOG 2005 Aug; 112(8): 1102-8

60. CBC trust

61. Middleton T, Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Scahill M, Shannon C, Westheimer E, Wilkinson T, Winikoff B. Randomized trial of mifepristone and buccal or vaginal misoprostol for abortion through 56 days of LMP. Contraception 2005; 72:328-332.

62. Hannafin B, Lovecchio F, Do Rh-negative women with first trimester spontaneous abortions need Rh immune globulin? Am J Emerg Med. 2006 Jul;24(4):487-9.

Further Readings:

Psychological studies:

Adler NE, David HP, Major BN, Roth SH, Russo NF, Wyatt GE. (1992) Psychological factors in abortion: a review.
American Psychology 47:1194-204.

Dagg PKB. (1991) The psychological sequelae of therapeutic abortion: denied and completed. American Journal of Psychiatry 148:578-85.

Stotland NL. (1997) Psychosocial aspects of induced abortion. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 40:673-86.

Stotland NL. (2002) Psychiatric issues related to infertility, reproductive technologies, and abortion. Primary Care 29:13-26.

Timing of Misoprostol administration:

Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C, et al. Vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 days after mifepristone for early medical abortion. Journal of the American Medical Association 2000;284:1948-53.

Use of mifepristone and misoprostol in nonpregnant women:

New England Journal of Medicine 1992; 327:1041-4.

Webb A, Russell J, Elstein M. Comparison of Yuzpe regimen, danazol, and mifepristone (RU 486) in oral postcoital contraception. British Medical Journal 1992; 305:927-31.

Questions and Answers

Whether you are a woman in need of an abortion, a journalist or are just curious about this service, here we try to answer all possible questions you might have.

Do you need an abortion?

This online medical abortion service helps women around the world gain access to a safe medical abortion (with mifepristone and misoprostol) in order to reduce the number of deaths due to unsafe abortions.